SKU: 75802243791

Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (23)

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Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (23)Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307 337 AE3 BI Nummus Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right. Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding shield reading VOT PR on cippus. In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had



Roman Empire



Constantine I AD 307-337

AE3 BI  Nummus

Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust
right.

Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding
shield reading VOT/PR on cippus.



In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or
Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of
the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from
the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill.
The goddess Vica Pota was also sometimes identified with Victoria.



Unlike the Greek Nike, the goddess Victoria (Latin for "victory") was a major
part of Roman society. Multiple temples were erected in her honor. When her
statue was removed in 382 CE by Emperor Gratianus there was much anger in Rome.
She was normally worshiped by triumphant generals returning from war.



Also unlike the Greek Nike, who was known for success in athletic games such as
chariot races, Victoria was a symbol of victory over death and determined who
would be successful during war.



Victoria appears widely on Roman coins, jewelry, architecture, and other arts.
She is often seen with or in a chariot, as in the late 18th-century sculpture
representing Victory in a quadriga on the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany;
"Il Vittoriano" in Rome has two.



Winged figures, very often in pairs, representing victory and referred to as
"victories", were common in Roman official iconography, typically hovering high
in a composition, and often filling spaces in spandrels or other gaps in
architecture. These represent the spirit of victory rather than the goddess
herself. They continued to appear after Christianization of the Empire, and
slowly mutated into Christian angels.



Constantine I 'The Great' - Roman Emperor:
307-337 A.D.



Caesar (Recognized): 306-309 A.D. | Filius Augustorum (Recognized): 309-310 A.D.
| Augustus (Self-Proclaimed): 307-310 A.D. | Augustus (Recognized): 310-337 A.D.
|



| Son of Constantius I 'Chlorus' and Helena | Step-son of Theodora | Husband of
Minervina and Fausta | Father (by Minervina) of Crispus and (by Fausta) of
Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans, Constantina (wife of Hanniballianus &
Constantius Gallus) and Helena the Younger (wife of Julian II) | Son-in-law of
Maximian and Eutropia | Brother-in-law of Maxentius | Half-brother of Constantia
(w. of Licinius I) | Half-uncle of Delmatius, Hanniballianus, Constantius
Gallus, Julian II, Licinius II and Nepotian | Grandfather of Constantia (wife of
Gratian) |



Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus;
27 February c. 272 AD - 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint
Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great,
Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was
the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort
Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293 AD.
Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military
tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was
raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was
recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as
emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in
306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the
emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by
324 AD.



As emperor, Constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and
military reforms to strengthen the empire. The government was restructured and
civil and military authority separated. A new gold coin, the solidus, was
introduced to combat inflation. It would become the standard for Byzantine and
European currencies for more than a thousand years. The first Roman emperor to
claim conversion to Christianity, Constantine played an influential role in the
proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which decreed tolerance for
Christianity in the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at
which the Nicene Creed was professed by Christians. In military matters, the
Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison
soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions.
Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman
frontiers-the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians-even
resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the
Third Century.



The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman
Empire. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city
Constantinople after himself (the laudatory epithet of "New Rome" came later,
and was never an official title). It would later become the capital of the
Empire for over one thousand years; for which reason the later Eastern Empire
would come to be known as the Byzantine Empire. His more immediate political
legacy was that, in leaving the empire to his sons, he replaced Diocletian's
tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession. His reputation flourished
during the lifetime of his children and centuries after his reign. The medieval
church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a
prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and
identity. Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of
his reign due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Critics
portrayed him as a tyrant. Trends in modern and recent scholarship attempted to
balance the extremes of previous scholarship.



Constantine is a significant figure in the history of Christianity. The Church
of the Holy Sepulchre, built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb
in Jerusalem, became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to
temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the supposed Donation of
Constantine. He is venerated as a saint by Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine
Catholics, and Anglicans.








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4.4 ★★★★★
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A
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Arele
Natrona Heights, US
★★★★★ 5
Great toy for two big German Shepherds
Color: Brown
We only buy Tuffy dog toys now because we have one German Shepherd, and we often watch our daughter's GSD too, and the two dogs tear anything else apart in minutes. Tuffy toys are BY FAR superior to any other dog toy we have tried. That being said, some Tuffy toys seem to last longer than others with the two dogs, and this one has been pretty good! We've had it for a few weeks now, and it's just now starting to show some white (stuffing) where their teeth have pierced the top of the toy. That's pretty good, considering they play tug of war with it and can tear into toys pretty hard. If it were just our one dog, I think it would last a lot longer because it's the tug of war between the two of them that does them in faster. Even so, when they do manage to tear the fabric in vulnerable places, I just pull the stuffing out from that area, and they continue to play with it, sometimes for months! This one is better than some other Tuffy toys too because it has lots of areas where there is already more fabric and reinforced seams than stuffing, like all the legs on the side, the tail, and even the pincers. So far, they haven't been able to tear into those at all. Just a bit on the top of the head, and so far, no stuffing coming out yet. This one is a big win for us! When they finally do do it in, I will turn around and buy another Scorch the Scorpion right away!
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on May 5, 2014
D
Verified Purchase
Deholle
Bozeman, US
★★★★★ 4
Tuffy Desert Phrog vs Lola
Color: Green Leaping Phrog, Color: Green Leaping Phrog
Just a little background about my dog. Lola is a 5 year old corgi-terrier mix with jaws of steal. Lesser stuffed toys have met death in under 5 minutes. Tennis balls last less than a day. Rope toys that do not have frayed ends might possibly last a week (frayed ends never stand a chance). The only toys that she has not managed to destroy are her Kong, a Kong bone, and a racquet ball. I figured I would document the life span of Phrog (Tuffy Scale: 9) before making my final judgement on it’s durability. Day 1 - Phrog Arrives! Lola was very excited about the arrival of Phrog and immediately went into destruction mode. Phrog did sustain a little damage before we were able to bribe her to drop Phrog and get her understand that he was more fun to play fetch with than to mutilate. The white you see in the picture is not stuffing, but the second layer of defense for the toy. The fact that my living room is not full of stuffing and I didn’t have to pry a squeaker out of my dog’s mouth, I’d say Phrog wins the Day 1 challenge. Day 9 - Phrog has sustained a little more damage, but not anything life threatening. His side wound is a little bit larger and one of his eyes is half ripped off. For safety reasons, I am going to finish removing the damaged eye and some loose thread from various places. Other than that, Phrog is still holding up and holds top toy spot. I have also found him very useful for dealing with anxiety; the squeaker can often distract her from her stressors and Phrog takes the abuse of her frustrations. Day 16 - Phrog is starting to show signs of mortal wounds. Lola has made it through the thicker layer around his arm and I can see the stuffing. It is only a matter of time before gets all the way through. Day 60 - Phrog still lives!!! I have done some surgery on Phrog to reinforce the fabric around his arms, but Franken-Phrog is still the favorite of all of the toys. She will even get brave enough to rescue Phrog from the evil vacuum when he is kidnapped and tortured. I am thinking about purchasing Phrog II for the inevitable day when Phrog goes off to the pet toyland in the sky, but for now, there is only one Phrog for Lola.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 6, 2018
M
Verified Purchase
michael parsley
Draper, US
★★★★★ 5
Super tough
Color: Red Warthog
My dogs love these toys!!!
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on February 10, 2026
A
Verified Purchase
Amazon Customer
Carnegie, US
★★★★★ 5
Long lasting play toy!
Color: Multicolor
Tuffy toys in general are great and they are a pretty good deal on Amazon. They are not indestructible, and if your dogs use them as chew toys they will eventually break through. My dogs have had this Armadillo since Christmas (and they do chew on it some) and the only thing missing is an ear. They like to play tug-of-war with it a lot. This is a bigger toy, but even my forty pound dog plays with it. I would not recommend this toy for dogs smaller than Border Collie size. You can make these Tuffy toys last longer if you don't allow your dogs to chew them--when your dogs starts chewing on non-chew toys trade them for a chew toy and when you catch your dog chewing on a chew-approved toy reward them for chewing. Eventually your dog will catch on and realize that if they want to chew there are certain toys that are allowed for that. In addition to being a great play toy this is a pretty cute toy too!
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Reviewed in the United States on June 30, 2015
A
Verified Purchase
Amazon Customer
Boise, US
★★★★★ 1
Not Tuff
Color: Black Yellow Phrog, Color: Black Yellow Phrog
Absolutely terrible and not “tuff” at all. My chocolate lab had this thing destroyed in less than two hours. I would not recommend these for the price.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 11, 2026

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