SKU: 77533917181

Conquering Heroines: How Women Fought Sex Bias at Michigan and Paved the Way for Title IX

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Conquering Heroines: How Women Fought Sex Bias at Michigan and Paved the Way for Title IXIn 1970, a group of women in Ann Arbor launched a crusade with an objective that seemed beyond reach at the time force the University of Michigan to treat women the same as men. Sex discrimination was then rampant at U M. The school's admissions officials sought to maintain a ratio of 55: 45 between male and female undergraduate entrants, turning away more qualified female applicants and arguing, among other things, that men needed help because they

In 1970, a group of women in Ann Arbor launched a crusade with an objective that seemed beyond reach at the time--force the University of Michigan to treat women the same as men. Sex discrimination was then rampant at U-M. The school's admissions officials sought to maintain a ratio of 55:45 between male and female undergraduate entrants, turning away more qualified female applicants and arguing, among other things, that men needed help because they were less mature and posted lower grades. Women comprised less than seven percent of the University's faculty members and their salaries trailed their male peers by substantial amounts. As one administrator put it when pressed about the disparity, "Men have better use for the extra money."

Galvanized by their shared experiences with sex discrimination, the Ann Arbor women organized a group called FOCUS on Equal Employment for Women, led by activist Jean Ledwith King. Working with Bernice Sandler of the Women's Equity Action League, they developed a strategy to unleash the power of another powerful institution--the federal government--to demand change at U-M and, they hoped, across the world of higher education. Prompted by a complaint filed by FOCUS, the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare soon documented egregious examples of discrimination in Michigan's practices toward women and threatened to withhold millions of dollars in contracts unless the school adopted remedies. Among the hundreds of similar complaints filed against U.S. colleges in 1970-1971, the one brought by the Michigan women achieved the breakthrough that provided the historic template for settlements with other institutions.

Drawing on oral histories from archives as well as new interviews with living participants, Conquering Heroines chronicles this pivotal period in the histories of the University of Michigan and the women's movement. An incredible story of grassroots activism and courageous women, the book highlights the kind of relentless effort that has helped make inclusivity an ongoing goal at U-M.


Binding Type: Paperback
Publisher: University of Michigan Regional
Published: 07/09/2020
ISBN: 9780472037889
Pages: 344
Weight: 1.20lbs
Size: 8.90h x 6.00w x 0.90d
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SKU: 77533917181

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BadBullfrog
Battle Creek, US
★★★★★ 3
Best for small inquisitive dogs
This dog puzzle worked.for.abput a day until our lab decided it was easier to just chew on it until it gave up the treats. The outer ring of yellow sliders were good.but the red required interactive manipulation of the center sections that only frustrated our lab to the point where she just picked it up to chew and drop until it gave up the treats. Great idea, but not for a brute-force attack! I will say the plastic sliders have held up longer than expected but in the end our lab just had fun chewing it while carrying across the yard. She did enjoy it initially but I think grew bored or maybe frustrated with it. Probably best left to smaller breeds to fidget with.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 13, 2026
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Becky
Alexandria, US
★★★★★ 5
Great for my puppy
Keeps my puppy entertained and good cause she’s picky at times and she eats her food this way sometimes without realizing lol
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Reviewed in the United States on April 13, 2026
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Donna M.
Lexington, US
★★★★★ 5
Good intermediate smart toy
This has become one of my puppy's favorite boy's. He is so smart and flustered through the beginning interactive toys quick. I got him this one next. The design is good. He did get through some ok, but got frustrated early with the harder ones. Started flipping and chewing it. It wasnt easy to chew through but did snap a few hinges. Stubborn dog, but still enjoying it. . It moves easily and does stimulate him to think. Great toy especially for smart dogs. Mine is just too impatient and growls at it.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 18, 2026
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Paula Cacek
Grantham, US
★★★★★ 5
Great toy
Color: Yellow
My dog loved this! Kept him entertained for some time. Only problem I had was trying to unscrew the ends after he was done so I could clean it (my dog slobers a lot lol). With him playing and trying to chew it made the ends tighten more. But over all great toy!
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Reviewed in the United States on May 25, 2026
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Amazon Customer
Belleville, US
★★★★★ 5
Fun toy!
Color: Yellow
It was funny to see how my cat figured out how to roll the toy to get treats out. Great idea that makes your pet work a little for a reward.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 3, 2026

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